Combining tie bars above and below

Uses and scope

IPA uses a tie to show an affricate or a double articulation where necessary. The sequence t͡s illustrates placement of the combining tie between the two base letters in storage. This is transcription notation, not a new ordinary alphabet letter or a single precomposed character. [8], [4]

Similar shapes, different characters

A single inverted breve is not a two-letter tie. A font may fail to span both letters convincingly even when the encoded sequence is correct. Copying t, the tie and s must preserve all three scalars. A line drawn above text by formatting would copy a different string. [1], [2], [8], [4]

Typing and text forms

Copying is exact; preview circles are excluded. Compare normalization forms.

Word for Windows

Select a hex code, then Alt+X; repeat for each scalar.

Mac and mobile

Hold a letter for supported variants; use Character Viewer on Mac or a language keyboard on mobile.

HTML

Use UTF-8 text or the numeric references in Details, in order.

Full typing instructions ·HTML, CSS and JavaScript entry ·Verified Alt codes.

Sources and method

Usage statements link to the authority that supports their scope. Character names, categories, combining classes and normalization results come from the pinned Unicode data. A canonical decomposition does not establish language membership or spelling frequency.

Source access date: 2026-09-14.

• [4] Unicode combining mark names and annotations. Names, cross references and narrowly attributed usage annotations. Historical annotations are not automatically current recommendations.
• [8] International Phonetic Association chart. Current phonetic transcription symbols; these are transcription conventions, not letters in every language.
• [1] Unicode Character Database 17.0.0.
• [2] Unicode normalization, UAX #15.
• [10] Microsoft: Unicode character entry in Word.
• [11] Apple: enter characters with accent marks.
• [12] Google: use Gboard.
• [13] Unicode: fonts and keyboards FAQ.
• [14] HTML numeric character references.

Read the editorial method and inspect the underlying datasets.