Dot below and combining U+0323
Quick copy
Details for U+1EA1
LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOT BELOW
Exact sequence: ạ
U+1EA1
- Properties
Ll; CCC 0- HTML
ạ- Word Alt+X
1EA1- Normalization
NFC: U+1EA1; NFD: U+0061 U+0323; NFKC: U+1EA1; NFKD: U+0061 U+0323
Details for U+1EAD
LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW
Exact sequence: ậ
U+1EAD
- Properties
Ll; CCC 0- HTML
ậ- Word Alt+X
1EAD- Normalization
NFC: U+1EAD; NFD: U+0061 U+0323 U+0302; NFKC: U+1EAD; NFKD: U+0061 U+0323 U+0302
Click a character to copy it. Use Details for its technical record.
Combining dot below U+0323 places a dot under a base, as in ạ. It has a different canonical combining class from common above accents, which matters when several marks are reordered. [4], [45], [4], [6], [5]
Copy exact examples
Details for U+0061 U+0323
LATIN SMALL LETTER A + COMBINING DOT BELOW
Exact sequence: ạ
U+0061 U+0323
Details for U+1EF1
LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND DOT BELOW
Exact sequence: ự
U+1EF1
Details for U+1E0D
LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH DOT BELOW
Exact sequence: ḍ
U+1E0D
Uses and scope
Vietnamese uses dot below for the nặng tone. Unicode also includes dot-below Latin letters used in transcription and transliteration. Those systems must specify the value of each letter; a dot under a consonant does not by itself prove a particular pronunciation or language affiliation. [45], [4], [6], [5]
Similar shapes, different characters
Devanagari nukta U+093C is a separate script-specific sign, not U+0323 relocated by a font. Likewise, dots in Arabic letter shapes are often part of the letters themselves. In a Vietnamese vowel with a circumflex and dot below, NFD exposes both combining marks and orders them by their Unicode classes. [1], [2], [45], [4], [6], [5]
Typing and text forms
Copying is exact; preview circles are excluded. Compare normalization forms.
- Word for Windows
- Select a hex code, then Alt+X; repeat for each scalar.
- Mac and mobile
- Hold a letter for supported variants; use Character Viewer on Mac or a language keyboard on mobile.
- HTML
- Use UTF-8 text or the numeric references in Details, in order.
Full typing instructions ·HTML, CSS and JavaScript entry ·Verified Alt codes.
Searchable character table
The records include listed signs and encoded letters whose canonical decomposition contains one of this page's combining signs. This Unicode relationship does not prove membership in the languages discussed above. [1], [2]
57 records
| Copy | Unicode identity and entry |
|---|---|
COMBINING DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH DOT BELOW AND MACRONDetails
| |
LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH DOT BELOW AND MACRONDetails
| |
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH DOT BELOW AND MACRONDetails
| |
LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH DOT BELOW AND MACRONDetails
| |
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH DOT BELOW AND DOT ABOVEDetails
| |
LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH DOT BELOW AND DOT ABOVEDetails
| |
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN AND DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN AND DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH DOT BELOWDetails
| |
LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DOT BELOWDetails
|
No matching records. Clear the search to restore the complete table.
Sources and method
Usage statements link to the authority that supports their scope. Character names, categories, combining classes and normalization results come from the pinned Unicode data. A canonical decomposition does not establish language membership or spelling frequency.
Source access date: 2026-09-14.
- [4] Unicode combining mark names and annotations. Names, cross references and narrowly attributed usage annotations. Historical annotations are not automatically current recommendations.
- [45] Northern Illinois University: Vietnamese tones. Six Vietnamese tone categories and example spellings. Detailed pitch descriptions are not generalized across dialects.
- [6] Unicode 17: Devanagari. Section 12.1: dependent vowel signs, candrabindu, anusvara, visarga, nukta and virama. Language-specific pronunciation is outside this source's scope.
- [5] Unicode 17: Hebrew and Arabic. Sections 9.1 and 9.2: vowel pointing, logical order and Arabic shaping.
- [1] Unicode Character Database 17.0.0.
- [2] Unicode normalization, UAX #15.
- [10] Microsoft: Unicode character entry in Word.
- [11] Apple: enter characters with accent marks.
- [12] Google: use Gboard.
- [13] Unicode: fonts and keyboards FAQ.
- [14] HTML numeric character references.
Read the editorial method and inspect the underlying datasets.
Related reading
Sources, versions and limits
- Encoded properties
- Properties use Unicode 17.0.0. Normalization follows UAX #15; grapheme boundaries follow UAX #29. Script associations describe encoded properties, not language use.
- Language evidence
- CLDR 48.2and the IANA registry dated 2026-08-08. Main and auxiliary exemplars are distinct. CLDR exemplars are not complete orthographies.
- Review and limitations
- The dataset is derived from the sources above. Editorial guides cite additional scoped authorities. No native or specialist orthography approval is implied. Release scope date: 14 September 2026. Historic or specialist usage needs separate evidence. Registry-only records have unknown orthography in this release.
- Reproduction and corrections
- Downloads and licences · Coverage and held routes · Suggest a source-backed correction