Latvian macrons, carons and comma-shaped marks

Quick copy

Details for U+0123

LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CEDILLA

Exact sequence: ģ

U+0123

Properties: Ll; CCC 0
HTML: ģ
Word Alt+X: 0123
Normalization: NFC: U+0123; NFD: U+0067 U+0327; NFKC: U+0123; NFKD: U+0067 U+0327

Details for U+0122

LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH CEDILLA

Exact sequence: Ģ

U+0122

Properties: Lu; CCC 0
HTML: Ģ
Word Alt+X: 0122
Normalization: NFC: U+0122; NFD: U+0047 U+0327; NFKC: U+0122; NFKD: U+0047 U+0327

Click a character to copy it. Use Details for its technical record.

Latvian uses macrons in ā, ē, ī and ū, carons in č, š and ž, and comma-shaped marks in ģ, ķ, ļ and ņ. These belong to the Latvian alphabet. [43], [3]

Copy exact examples

Details for U+0067 U+0327

LATIN SMALL LETTER G + COMBINING CEDILLA

Exact sequence: ģ

U+0067 U+0327

Details for U+0137

LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH CEDILLA

Exact sequence: ķ

U+0137

Details for U+0101

LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH MACRON

Exact sequence: ā

U+0101

Spelling and status

The Latvian Language Agency's alphabet reference supplies the case pairs and examples. Unicode names the last group with CEDILLA. In Latvian fonts the glyph is normally comma-shaped; on lowercase ģ it is usually above the letter because of the descender. [43], [3]

Distinctions to preserve

Copy ģ itself when it is the required letter. Despite its appearance, its canonical decomposition uses combining cedilla, not a reversed comma above. Substituting a visually similar combining character can break canonical equivalence. Typography and the historical Unicode name do not always describe the same visible shape. [43], [3], [1], [2]

Typing and text forms

Copying is exact; preview circles are excluded. Compare normalization forms.

Word for Windows: Select a hex code, then Alt+X; repeat for each scalar.
Mac and mobile: Hold a letter for supported variants; use Character Viewer on Mac or a language keyboard on mobile.
HTML: Use UTF-8 text or the numeric references in Details, in order.

Full typing instructions ·HTML, CSS and JavaScript entry ·Verified Alt codes.

Searchable character table

The collection contains the distinctive letters and marked forms discussed here, with both cases where applicable. It is a focused copying reference, not the complete alphabet. [43], [3], [9], [1]

Latvian macrons, carons and comma-shaped marks: exact character records
Copy	Unicode identity and entry
	LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH MACRON Details Properties `Ll; CCC 0` HTML `ā` Word Alt+X `0101` Normalization `NFC: U+0101; NFD: U+0061 U+0304; NFKC: U+0101; NFKD: U+0061 U+0304`
	LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CARON Details Properties `Ll; CCC 0` HTML `č` Word Alt+X `010D` Normalization `NFC: U+010D; NFD: U+0063 U+030C; NFKC: U+010D; NFKD: U+0063 U+030C`
	LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH MACRON Details Properties `Ll; CCC 0` HTML `ē` Word Alt+X `0113` Normalization `NFC: U+0113; NFD: U+0065 U+0304; NFKC: U+0113; NFKD: U+0065 U+0304`
	LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH MACRON Details Properties `Ll; CCC 0` HTML `ī` Word Alt+X `012B` Normalization `NFC: U+012B; NFD: U+0069 U+0304; NFKC: U+012B; NFKD: U+0069 U+0304`
	LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH CEDILLA Details Properties `Ll; CCC 0` HTML `ķ` Word Alt+X `0137` Normalization `NFC: U+0137; NFD: U+006B U+0327; NFKC: U+0137; NFKD: U+006B U+0327`
	LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CEDILLA Details Properties `Ll; CCC 0` HTML `ļ` Word Alt+X `013C` Normalization `NFC: U+013C; NFD: U+006C U+0327; NFKC: U+013C; NFKD: U+006C U+0327`
	LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CEDILLA Details Properties `Ll; CCC 0` HTML `ņ` Word Alt+X `0146` Normalization `NFC: U+0146; NFD: U+006E U+0327; NFKC: U+0146; NFKD: U+006E U+0327`
	LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CARON Details Properties `Ll; CCC 0` HTML `š` Word Alt+X `0161` Normalization `NFC: U+0161; NFD: U+0073 U+030C; NFKC: U+0161; NFKD: U+0073 U+030C`
	LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH MACRON Details Properties `Ll; CCC 0` HTML `ū` Word Alt+X `016B` Normalization `NFC: U+016B; NFD: U+0075 U+0304; NFKC: U+016B; NFKD: U+0075 U+0304`
	LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON Details Properties `Ll; CCC 0` HTML `ž` Word Alt+X `017E` Normalization `NFC: U+017E; NFD: U+007A U+030C; NFKC: U+017E; NFKD: U+007A U+030C`
	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH MACRON Details Properties `Lu; CCC 0` HTML `Ā` Word Alt+X `0100` Normalization `NFC: U+0100; NFD: U+0041 U+0304; NFKC: U+0100; NFKD: U+0041 U+0304`
	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CARON Details Properties `Lu; CCC 0` HTML `Č` Word Alt+X `010C` Normalization `NFC: U+010C; NFD: U+0043 U+030C; NFKC: U+010C; NFKD: U+0043 U+030C`
	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH MACRON Details Properties `Lu; CCC 0` HTML `Ē` Word Alt+X `0112` Normalization `NFC: U+0112; NFD: U+0045 U+0304; NFKC: U+0112; NFKD: U+0045 U+0304`
	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH MACRON Details Properties `Lu; CCC 0` HTML `Ī` Word Alt+X `012A` Normalization `NFC: U+012A; NFD: U+0049 U+0304; NFKC: U+012A; NFKD: U+0049 U+0304`
	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH CEDILLA Details Properties `Lu; CCC 0` HTML `Ķ` Word Alt+X `0136` Normalization `NFC: U+0136; NFD: U+004B U+0327; NFKC: U+0136; NFKD: U+004B U+0327`
	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH CEDILLA Details Properties `Lu; CCC 0` HTML `Ļ` Word Alt+X `013B` Normalization `NFC: U+013B; NFD: U+004C U+0327; NFKC: U+013B; NFKD: U+004C U+0327`
	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH CEDILLA Details Properties `Lu; CCC 0` HTML `Ņ` Word Alt+X `0145` Normalization `NFC: U+0145; NFD: U+004E U+0327; NFKC: U+0145; NFKD: U+004E U+0327`
	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CARON Details Properties `Lu; CCC 0` HTML `Š` Word Alt+X `0160` Normalization `NFC: U+0160; NFD: U+0053 U+030C; NFKC: U+0160; NFKD: U+0053 U+030C`
	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH MACRON Details Properties `Lu; CCC 0` HTML `Ū` Word Alt+X `016A` Normalization `NFC: U+016A; NFD: U+0055 U+0304; NFKC: U+016A; NFKD: U+0055 U+0304`
	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH CARON Details Properties `Lu; CCC 0` HTML `Ž` Word Alt+X `017D` Normalization `NFC: U+017D; NFD: U+005A U+030C; NFKC: U+017D; NFKD: U+005A U+030C`

Sources and method

Usage statements link to the authority that supports their scope. Character names, categories, combining classes and normalization results come from the pinned Unicode data. A canonical decomposition does not establish language membership or spelling frequency.

Source access date: 2026-09-14.

[43] Latvian Language Agency: alphabet. Latvian letters, case pairs and example words.
[3] Unicode 17: Latin, Greek and combining marks. Sections 7.1, 7.2, 7.8 and 7.9: encoded distinctions, script conventions and glyph variation, not a complete orthography.
[1] Unicode Character Database 17.0.0.
[2] Unicode normalization, UAX #15.
[9] CLDR 48.2 locale exemplars. Supplementary inventory checks against direct main and auxiliary exemplar sets. Exemplars do not establish full spelling or pronunciation rules.
[10] Microsoft: Unicode character entry in Word.
[11] Apple: enter characters with accent marks.
[12] Google: use Gboard.
[13] Unicode: fonts and keyboards FAQ.
[14] HTML numeric character references.

Read the editorial method and inspect the underlying datasets.

Sources, versions and limits

Encoded properties: Properties use Unicode 17.0.0. Normalization follows UAX #15; grapheme boundaries follow UAX #29. Script associations describe encoded properties, not language use.
Language evidence: CLDR 48.2and the IANA registry dated 2026-08-08. Main and auxiliary exemplars are distinct. CLDR exemplars are not complete orthographies.
Review and limitations: The dataset is derived from the sources above. Editorial guides cite additional scoped authorities. No native or specialist orthography approval is implied. Release scope date: 14 September 2026. Historic or specialist usage needs separate evidence. Registry-only records have unknown orthography in this release.
Reproduction and corrections: Downloads and licences · Coverage and held routes · Suggest a source-backed correction